VIRUSES, TYPES, ILLNESSES, AND TREATMENT
VIRUSES TYPES
A virus is composed of nucleic acid, they classified as DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. A viral infection can be asymptomatic or lead to severe disease.
SPREAD OF VIRUSES
SPREAD OF VIRUSES
PORTAL of viruses are nose, throat, upper airways, nervous system, gastrointestinal system and reproductive system. VRUSES spread by swallowed, inhaled, insect bites,transfusion of blood, infected animals (SARS-coV)(SARScoV2).
VIRUSES AND CANCER
VIRUSES are small organisms,smaller than a fungus or bacterium that invade a living cell to reproduce or replicate.The virus attaches to a cell called host cell, enters the cell, and releases its DNA or RNA inside the cell. The infected cell usually dies because the virus keeps it from performing its normal functions. when it dies the cell releases new viruses, which go on to infect other cells.
VIRUSES are small organisms,smaller than a fungus or bacterium that invade a living cell to reproduce or replicate.The virus attaches to a cell called host cell, enters the cell, and releases its DNA or RNA inside the cell. The infected cell usually dies because the virus keeps it from performing its normal functions. when it dies the cell releases new viruses, which go on to infect other cells.
RNA viruses include retro viruses, such as HIV (There are no specific treatments for many viruses. However, many things can help relieve certain symptoms, such as the following:
Dehydration: Plenty of fluids, sometimes given by vein (intravenously)
Diarrhea: Sometimes an antidiarrheal drug, such as loperamide
Fever and aches: Acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nausea and vomiting: A clear-liquid diet and sometimes an antiemetic (antinausea) drug, such as ondansetron
Some rashes :Soothing or moisturizing creams and sometimes an antihistamine taken by mouth for itching
A runny nose: Sometimes nasal decongestants, such as phenylephrine or phenylpropanolamine
A sore throat: Sometimes throat-numbing lozenges containing benzocaine or dyclonine
Not everyone who has these symptoms needs treatment. If symptoms are mild, it may be better to wait for them to go away on their own. Some treatments may not be appropriate for infants and young children.
they are prone to mutate. Some viruses do not kill the cell they infect but instead they alter the cell's function, infected cell loses the control over normal cell division and become cancerous.
Dehydration: Plenty of fluids, sometimes given by vein (intravenously)
Diarrhea: Sometimes an antidiarrheal drug, such as loperamide
Fever and aches: Acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nausea and vomiting: A clear-liquid diet and sometimes an antiemetic (antinausea) drug, such as ondansetron
Some rashes :Soothing or moisturizing creams and sometimes an antihistamine taken by mouth for itching
A runny nose: Sometimes nasal decongestants, such as phenylephrine or phenylpropanolamine
A sore throat: Sometimes throat-numbing lozenges containing benzocaine or dyclonine
Not everyone who has these symptoms needs treatment. If symptoms are mild, it may be better to wait for them to go away on their own. Some treatments may not be appropriate for infants and young children.
they are prone to mutate. Some viruses do not kill the cell they infect but instead they alter the cell's function, infected cell loses the control over normal cell division and become cancerous.
Some viruses like hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, can cause chronic infection, and can last for years, even decades. Some people have mild infection but it eventually result in Cirrhosis (severe scarring of liver),liver failure,and sometimes liver cancer.
DIAGNOSIS
Many viruses commonly cause infections in infants and children and older adults, most common viral infections are:
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
Infections of nose throat and lungs , most common infection are upper respiratory tract infections,which include soar throat,sinusitis,and common cold.
Other viral respiratory infections include Influenza, Pneumonia and Coronaviruses.
In small children, viruses also commonly cause croup
( which is inflammation of the upper and lower airways, called laryngotracheaobronchitis ) or lower airways ( bronchiolitis).
Other viruses infect other parts of the body:
Gastrointestinal tract : such as gastroenteritis, example ; norovirus, rotavirus.
Liver : These infections caused hepatitis.
Nervous system : Some viruses such as rabies virus and the West nile virus, infect the brain, causing encephalitis. Other infect the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord ( meninges ), causing MENINGITIS OR POLIO.
Skin: Viral infections that affect only the skin sometimes result in Warts, Blemishes. Many viruses affect other part of the body are Chickenpox also cause a rash.
Placenta and Fetus: Some viruses, such as the ZIKA virus, the Rubella virus, and Cytomegalovirus,can infect placenta and fetus in pregnant women.
Some viruses typically affect many body systems. Such viruses include enterovirusessuch as (Coxsackieviruses and echo viruses ) and cytomegaloviruses.
Many viruses that were once present in only a few parts of the world are now spreading. These viruses include chikungunya virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Rift Valley Fever virus, West Nile virus, Ross River virus, Zika virus, and louping ill virus. These viruses are spreading partly because climate change has resulted in more areas where the mosquitoes that spread the viruses can live. Also, travelers may be infected, then return home and be bitten by a mosquito, which spreads the virus to other people.
For some infections, blood tests and cultures common viral infections, ( such as measles,rubella,or chicken pox)may be diagnosed based on symptoms.
For other infections , blood tests and cultures ( growing microorganisms in the laboratory from samples of blood, body fluid, or other material taken from an infected area may be done) .
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Technique used to make many copies of the viral genetic material. Blood may also be tested for antibodies to viruses.
( antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help defend the body against a particular attack).
VIRAL VACCINES AND TREATMENT
Includes following :
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Influenza
Japanese Encephalitis
Measles, Mums, and Rubella
Polio
Rabella
Rotavirus
Varicella
Shingles
Yellow fever
Smallpox vaccine only at high risk patients.
Ebola (West Africa )
Immunoglobulin collected from people,
passive immunization.
Hyperimmune globulin(collected from people who have many antibodies ) like tetanus, rabies, chickenpox.
Antibiotic is not working in a viral infection.
INTERFERON drugs are replicas of naturally occurring substances that slow or stop viral replication.These drugs used to treat certain viral infections
Chronic hepatitisB
Chronic hepatitis C
Genital warts
TREATMENT SYMPTOMS
Interferons may have side effects, such as fever,chills weakness and muscle aches. These effects typically start 7-12 hrs after the first injection and last upto 12 hrs.
In small children, viruses also commonly cause croup
( which is inflammation of the upper and lower airways, called laryngotracheaobronchitis ) or lower airways ( bronchiolitis).
Other viruses infect other parts of the body:
Gastrointestinal tract : such as gastroenteritis, example ; norovirus, rotavirus.
Liver : These infections caused hepatitis.
Nervous system : Some viruses such as rabies virus and the West nile virus, infect the brain, causing encephalitis. Other infect the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord ( meninges ), causing MENINGITIS OR POLIO.
Skin: Viral infections that affect only the skin sometimes result in Warts, Blemishes. Many viruses affect other part of the body are Chickenpox also cause a rash.
Placenta and Fetus: Some viruses, such as the ZIKA virus, the Rubella virus, and Cytomegalovirus,can infect placenta and fetus in pregnant women.
Some viruses typically affect many body systems. Such viruses include enterovirusessuch as (Coxsackieviruses and echo viruses ) and cytomegaloviruses.
Many viruses that were once present in only a few parts of the world are now spreading. These viruses include chikungunya virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Rift Valley Fever virus, West Nile virus, Ross River virus, Zika virus, and louping ill virus. These viruses are spreading partly because climate change has resulted in more areas where the mosquitoes that spread the viruses can live. Also, travelers may be infected, then return home and be bitten by a mosquito, which spreads the virus to other people.
For some infections, blood tests and cultures common viral infections, ( such as measles,rubella,or chicken pox)may be diagnosed based on symptoms.
For other infections , blood tests and cultures ( growing microorganisms in the laboratory from samples of blood, body fluid, or other material taken from an infected area may be done) .
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Technique used to make many copies of the viral genetic material. Blood may also be tested for antibodies to viruses.
( antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help defend the body against a particular attack).
VIRAL VACCINES AND TREATMENT
Includes following :
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Influenza
Japanese Encephalitis
Measles, Mums, and Rubella
Polio
Rabella
Rotavirus
Varicella
Shingles
Yellow fever
Smallpox vaccine only at high risk patients.
Ebola (West Africa )
Immunoglobulin collected from people,
passive immunization.
Hyperimmune globulin(collected from people who have many antibodies ) like tetanus, rabies, chickenpox.
Antibiotic is not working in a viral infection.
INTERFERON drugs are replicas of naturally occurring substances that slow or stop viral replication.These drugs used to treat certain viral infections
Chronic hepatitisB
Chronic hepatitis C
Genital warts
TREATMENT SYMPTOMS
Interferons may have side effects, such as fever,chills weakness and muscle aches. These effects typically start 7-12 hrs after the first injection and last upto 12 hrs.
There are no specific treatments for many viruses. However, many things can help relieve certain symptoms, such as the following:
Dehydration: Plenty of fluids, sometimes given by vein (intravenously)
Diarrhea: Sometimes an antidiarrheal drug, such as loperamide
Fever and aches: Acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nausea and vomiting: A clear-liquid diet and sometimes an antiemetic (antinausea) drug, such as ondansetron
Some rashes: Soothing or moisturizing creams and sometimes an antihistamine taken by mouth for itching
A runny nose: Sometimes nasal decongestants, such as phenylephrine or phenylpropanolamine
A sore throat: Sometimes throat-numbing lozenges containing benzocaine or dyclonine
Not everyone who has these symptoms needs treatment. If symptoms are mild, it may be better to wait for them to go away on their own. Some treatments may not be appropriate for infants and young children.
Most antiviral drugs can be given by mouth. Some can also be given by injection into a vein (IV) or intramuscular (IM). Some are applied as ointments, creams, or eye drops or are inhaled as a powder.
Hi, Best informative article and easy to understand for all
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